rosesarerosie.com Rosesarerosie.com

   
ROSÉ | Official Website

Domain Summary

What percent of global Internet users visit Rosesarerosie.com?

• 0.0013619% of global Internet users visit Rosesarerosie.com

How many people visit Rosesarerosie.com each day?

• Rosesarerosie.com receives approximately 67.1K visitors and 117,888 page impressions per day.

Which countries does Rosesarerosie.com receive most of its visitors from?

• Rosesarerosie.com is mostly visited by people located in United States,Georgia,Korea, Republic of.

How much Rosesarerosie.com can earn?

• Rosesarerosie.com should earn about $451.47/day from advertising revenue.

What is Rosesarerosie.com estimated value?

• Estimated value of Rosesarerosie.com is $413,187.29.

What IP addresses does Rosesarerosie.com resolve to?

• Rosesarerosie.com resolves to the IP addresses 76.223.34.124.

Where are Rosesarerosie.com servers located in?

• Rosesarerosie.com has servers located in United States.

rosesarerosie.com Profile

Title:ROSÉ | Official Website Description:Official website of ROSÉ. rosie - the first studio album - December 6.
Tags:
rose
Category:Arts and Entertainment / Music
Edit Site Info

What technologies does rosesarerosie.com use?

These are the technologies used at rosesarerosie.com. rosesarerosie.com has a total of 12 technologies installed in 11 different categories.
PaaS
Acquia Cloud Platform Acquia Cloud Platform
Amazon Web Services Amazon Web Services
Hosting
Acquia Cloud Site Factory Acquia Cloud Site Factory
Drupal Multisite Drupal Multisite
CMS
Drupal Drupal
JavaScript Libraries
jQuery jQuery
Web Servers
Nginx Nginx
Reverse proxies
Nginx Nginx
Widgets
OWL Carousel OWL Carousel
Cookie compliance
OneTrust OneTrust
Miscellaneous
Open Graph Open Graph
Font Scripts
Typekit Typekit
Programming Languages
PHP PHP

rosesarerosie.com Traffic Analysis

This website is viewed by an estimated 67.1K visitors daily, generating a total of 117.9K pageviews. This equates to about 2M monthly visitors. Rosesarerosie.com traffic has decreased by 14.43% compared to last month.
Daily Visitors67.1K
15.16%
Monthly Visits2M
14.43%
Pages per Visit1.76
11.8%
Visit duration00:56
32.89%
Bounce Rate65.92%
9.37%
Is this your site?Verify your site's metrics.
Daily Unique Visitors:
67,139
Monthly Visits:
2,034,312
Pages per Visit:
1.76
Daily Pageviews:
117,888
Avg. visit duration:
00:56
Bounce rate:
65.92%
Global Reach:
0.0013619%
Monthly Visits (SEMrush):
2,167,379
Monthly Unique Visitors (SEMrush):
1,387,447
Monthly Visits (SimilarWeb):
2,055,263
HypeRank:
n/a
SEMrush Rank:
132,130
SimilarWeb Rank:
39,353
*All traffic values are estimates only.

Traffic sources

Direct:
95.85%
Referral:
2.43%
Search:
1.29%
Social:
0.42%
Paid:
0.01%

Desktop vs Mobile

Desktop:
3.37%
Mobile:
96.63%

Total Visits Last 3 Months

3.5M
NOV
2.4M
DEC
2M
JAN

Visitors by country

Country
Users%
 
United States 20.59%
 
Georgia 4.69%
 
Korea, Republic of 4.61%
 
Japan 3.24%
 
Canada 3.02%

Which sites are competitors to rosesarerosie.com?

Websites similar to rosesarerosie.com are sites similar on user interests and browsing behavior. Users can discover new websites that are similar to the ones they already enjoy or find useful.
Domain
CompareDaily Visitors
billboardphilippines.com
Compare >5.7K
europe2.fr
Compare >3.9K
Last update was 168 days ago
     
This can take up to 60 seconds. Please wait...

*HypeStat.com is not promoting or affiliated with rosesarerosie.com in any way. Only publicly available statistics data are displayed.

  ▼

SEMrush is a complete on line advertising and marketing platform that gives a extensive variety of gear and functions to help companies and entrepreneurs in enhancing their on line visibility and optimizing their virtual advertising and marketing strategies.
SemRushSemRush
Domain:
  rosesarerosie.com
Rank:
(Rank based on keywords, cost and organic traffic)
  132,130
Organic Keywords:
(Number of keywords in top 20 Google SERP)
  4,239
Organic Traffic:
(Number of visitors coming from top 20 search results)
  14,725
Organic Cost:
((How much need to spend if get same number of visitors from Google Adwords)
  $6,760.00
Full SEMrush Report >>

Revenue report ▼

Google.com would generate approximately $451.5 per day if the source of income were advertisements, which equates to an estimated monthly revenue of $13.5K and annual gross revenue of approximately $164.8K. Based on these figures, the site's net worth is estimated at around $413.2K.

How much would rosesarerosie.com make?

Daily Revenue:
$451.47
Monthly Revenue:
$13,544.10
Yearly Revenue:
$164,786.55
*All earnings values are estimates only.

Daily earning by country

 
CountryPageviewsEarning
 
United States 24,271$117.23
 
Canada 3,564$21.53
 
Korea, Republic of 5,429$3.26
 
Japan 3,815$1.37
 
Georgia 5,528$0.94

Loss of money due to Adblock?

Daily Revenue Loss:
$26.70
Monthly Revenue Loss:
$801.06
Yearly Revenue Loss:
$9,746.23
Daily Pageviews Blocked:
5,868
Monthly Pageviews Blocked:
176,037
Yearly Pageviews Blocked:
2,141,785

Daily revenue loss by country

 
CountryBlockedLost Money
 
United States 4,369$21.10
 
Canada 891$5.38
 
Korea, Republic of 217$0.13
 
Georgia 276$0.05
 
Japan 114$0.04

How much is rosesarerosie.com worth?

Website Value:
$413.2K

Ad Experience Report ▼

Summary of the ad experience rating of a website for a specific platform.

Mobile summary

Root domain:
rosesarerosie.com
Ad filtering:
(Chrome is not filtering ads on your site.)
Off
Status:
(The status of the site that is reviewed for the Better Ads Standards.)
Not reviewed

Desktop summary

Root domain:
rosesarerosie.com
Ad filtering:
(Chrome is not filtering ads on your site.)
Off
Status:
(The status of the site that is reviewed for the Better Ads Standards.)
Not reviewed

Abusive Experience Report ▼

Summary of the abusive experience rating of a website.
Root domain:
rosesarerosie.com
Enforcement:
(Chrome is not preventing your site from opening new windows or tabs.)
Off
Status:
(The status of the site reviewed for the abusive experiences.)
Not reviewed

Where is rosesarerosie.com hosted? ▼

Rosesarerosie.com may be hosted in multiple data centers distributed in different locations around the world. This is probably just one of them.
Server IP:
76.223.34.124
ASN:
AS16509 
ISP:
Amazon.com, Inc. 
Server Location:

United States, US
 

Other sites hosted on 76.223.34.124

There are no other sites hosted on this IP

How fast does rosesarerosie.com load? ▼

The average loading time of rosesarerosie.com is 345 ms. The Desktop speed index is 94 and mobile speed index is 64.
Average Load Time:
345 ms

Page Speed (Google PageSpeed Insights) - Desktop

94
0-49 50-89 90-100 i

Field Data

Over the last 30 days, the field data shows that this page has a AVERAGE speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report.We are showing the 90th percentile of FCP and the 95th percentile of FID.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)2ms 90% of loads for this page have a fast (<0.01s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 90% 6% of loads for this page have an average (0.01s ~ 0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 6% 3% of loads for this page have a slow (>0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 3%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)1.1s 64% of loads for this page have a fast (<0.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 64% 23% of loads for this page have an average (0.8s ~ 1.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 23% 11% of loads for this page have a slow (>1.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 11%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)2.0s 69% of loads for this page have a fast (<1.8s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 69% 19% of loads for this page have an average (1.8s ~ 3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 19% 10% of loads for this page have a slow (>3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 10%
First Input Delay (FID)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0%
Interaction To Next Paint (INP)56ms 94% of loads for this page have a fast (<200ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 94% 2% of loads for this page have an average (200ms ~ 500ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 2% 2% of loads for this page have a slow (>500ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 2%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)2.1s 82% of loads for this page have a fast (<2500ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 82% 12% of loads for this page have an average (2500ms ~ 4000ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 12% 5% of loads for this page have a slow (>4000ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 5%

Origin Data

All pages served from this origin have an AVERAGE speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report. over the last 30 days.To view suggestions tailored to each page, analyze individual page URLs.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)4ms 81% of loads for this page have a fast (<0.01s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 81% 15% of loads for this page have an average (0.01s ~ 0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 15% 2% of loads for this page have a slow (>0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 2%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)1.1s 62% of loads for this page have a fast (<0.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 62% 27% of loads for this page have an average (0.8s ~ 1.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 27% 10% of loads for this page have a slow (>1.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 10%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)2.2s 66% of loads for this page have a fast (<1.8s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 66% 21% of loads for this page have an average (1.8s ~ 3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 21% 12% of loads for this page have a slow (>3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 12%
First Input Delay (FID)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average 0ms ~ 0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0%
Interaction To Next Paint (INP)69ms 93% of loads for this page have a fast (<200ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 93% 3% of loads for this page have an average (200ms ~ 500ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 3% 3% of loads for this page have a slow (>500ms) Interaction To Next Paint (INP) 3%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)2.2s 79% of loads for this page have a fast (<2500ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 79% 14% of loads for this page have an average (2500ms ~ 4000ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 14% 5% of loads for this page have a slow (>4000ms) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 5%

Lab Data

Largest Contentful Paint 1.1 s
Largest Contentful Paint marks the time at which the largest text or image is painted. Learn more about the Largest Contentful Paint metric
Lazy load third-party resources with facades  
Some third-party embeds can be lazy loaded. Consider replacing them with a facade until they are required. Learn how to defer third-parties with a facade
First Contentful Paint 1.1 s
First Contentful Paint marks the time at which the first text or image is painted. Learn more about the First Contentful Paint metric
Speed Index 1.4 s
Speed Index shows how quickly the contents of a page are visibly populated. Learn more about the Speed Index metric
Time to Interactive 2.5 s
Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric
Total Blocking Time 90 ms
Sum of all time periods between FCP and Time to Interactive, when task length exceeded 50ms, expressed in milliseconds. Learn more about the Total Blocking Time metric
First Meaningful Paint  
First Meaningful Paint measures when the primary content of a page is visible. Learn more about the First Meaningful Paint metric
Max Potential First Input Delay 130 ms
The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more about the Maximum Potential First Input Delay metric

Page Speed (Google PageSpeed Insights) - Mobile

64
0-49 50-89 90-100 i

Field Data

Over the last 30 days, the field data shows that this page has a AVERAGE speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report.We are showing the 90th percentile of FCP and the 95th percentile of FID.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)1ms 90% of loads for this page have a fast (<0.01s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 96% 2% of loads for this page have an average (0.01s ~ 0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 2% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 0%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)1.3s 64% of loads for this page have a fast (<800s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 56% 26% of loads for this page have an average (800s ~ 1800s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 26% 16% of loads for this page have a slow (>1800s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 16%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)2.8s 69% of loads for this page have a fast (<1.8s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 52% 25% of loads for this page have an average (1.8s ~ 3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 25% 21% of loads for this page have a slow (>3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 21%
First Input Delay (FID)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average (0ms ~ 0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0%
Interactive To Next Paint (INP)146ms 94% of loads for this page have a fast (<200s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 85% 11% of loads for this page have an average (200s ~ 500s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 11% 2% of loads for this page have a slow (>500s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 2%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)3.0s 82% of loads for this page have a fast (<2500s) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 66% 20% of loads for this page have an average (2500s ~ 4000s) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 20% 13% of loads for this page have a slow (>4000s) Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 13%

Origin Data

All pages served from this origin have an AVERAGE speed compared to other pages in the Chrome User Experience Report. over the last 30 days.To view suggestions tailored to each page, analyze individual page URLs.

Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)11ms 72% of loads for this page have a fast (<0.01s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 72% 5% of loads for this page have an average (0.01s ~ 0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 5% 21% of loads for this page have a slow (>0.025s) Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS) 21%
Time To First Byte (TTFB)1.1s 63% of loads for this page have a fast (<0.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 63% 24% of loads for this page have an average (0.8s ~ 1.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 24% 11% of loads for this page have a slow (>1.8s) Time To First Byte (TTFB) 11%
First Contentful Paint (FCP)2.9s 49% of loads for this page have a fast (<1.8s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 49% 27% of loads for this page have an average (1.8s ~ 3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 27% 23% of loads for this page have a slow (>3s) First Contentful Paint (FCP) 23%
First Input Delay (FID)0 0% of loads for this page have a fast (<0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have an average 0ms ~ 0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0% 0% of loads for this page have a slow (>0ms) First Input Delay (FID) 0%
Interactive To Next Paint (INP)291ms 57% of loads for this page have a fast (<0.2s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 57% 32% of loads for this page have an average (0.2s ~ 0.5s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 32% 9% of loads for this page have a slow (>0.5s) Interactive To Next Paint (INP) 9%
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP)3.1s 63% of loads for this page have a fast (<2.5s)Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 63% 22% of loads for this page have an average (2.5s ~ 4s)Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 22% 14% of loads for this page have a slow (>4s)Largest Contentful Paint (LCP) 14%

Lab Data

Time to Interactive 10.4 s
Time to Interactive is the amount of time it takes for the page to become fully interactive. Learn more about the Time to Interactive metric
Lazy load third-party resources with facades  
Some third-party embeds can be lazy loaded. Consider replacing them with a facade until they are required. Learn how to defer third-parties with a facade
Total Blocking Time 300 ms
Sum of all time periods between FCP and Time to Interactive, when task length exceeded 50ms, expressed in milliseconds. Learn more about the Total Blocking Time metric
Speed Index 3.7 s
Speed Index shows how quickly the contents of a page are visibly populated. Learn more about the Speed Index metric
First Contentful Paint 3.7 s
First Contentful Paint marks the time at which the first text or image is painted. Learn more about the First Contentful Paint metric
First Meaningful Paint  
First Meaningful Paint measures when the primary content of a page is visible. Learn more about the First Meaningful Paint metric
Largest Contentful Paint 5.8 s
Largest Contentful Paint marks the time at which the largest text or image is painted. Learn more about the Largest Contentful Paint metric
Max Potential First Input Delay 200 ms
The maximum potential First Input Delay that your users could experience is the duration of the longest task. Learn more about the Maximum Potential First Input Delay metric

Does rosesarerosie.com use compression? ▼

Website compression is the process of reducing the size of website files, such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and image files, to improve website performance and load times. Compressing website files can significantly reduce the amount of data that needs to be transferred from the server to the user's browser, resulting in faster page load times and improved user experience. Files on rosesarerosie.com are reduced by 84%.
rosesarerosie.com use gzip compression.
Original size: 133.68 KB
Compressed size: 21.23 KB
File reduced by: 112.45 KB (84%)

Google Safe Browsing ▼

Google Safe Browsing is a service provided by Google that helps protect users from visiting websites that may contain malicious or harmful content, such as malware, phishing attempts, or deceptive software.
This site is not currently listed as suspicious

MyWot.com Reputation Ratings

MyWOT (short for "My Web of Trust") is a web-based reputation and rating service that provides users with information about the trustworthiness and safety of websites. rosesarerosie.com has 80 Safety Reputations.
Status:
  SAFE
Safety Reputations:
  80
Safety Confidence:
  51

SSL Checker - SSL Certificate Verify ▼

An SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificate is a digital certificate that establishes a secure encrypted connection between a web server and a user's web browser. It provides authentication and encryption, ensuring that data transmitted between the server and the browser remains private and protected. rosesarerosie.com supports HTTPS.
 rosesarerosie.com supports HTTPS
     
Verifying SSL Support. Please wait...
Common Name: ssl1.warnermusicexperience.com
Organization:
Location:
Issuer: R10
Valid from: Jan 23 14:12:12 2025 GMT
Valid until: Apr 23 14:12:11 2025 GMT
Authority: CA:FALSE
Keysize: 2048 Bits
Common Name: R10
Organization: Let's Encrypt
Location: US
Issuer: ISRG Root X1
Valid from: Mar 13 00:00:00 2024 GMT
Valid until: Mar 12 23:59:59 2027 GMT
Authority: CA:TRUE
Keysize: 2048 Bits

Verify HTTP/2 Support ▼

HTTP/2 (Hypertext Transfer Protocol version 2) is a major revision of the HTTP protocol, which is the foundation of data communication on the World Wide Web. It was developed as an improvement over the previous HTTP/1.1 version to enhance web performance and efficiency.
 rosesarerosie.com supports HTTP/2
     
Verifying HTTP/2.0 Support. Please wait...

Http Header ▼

HTTP headers are extra portions of records despatched among a consumer (which include an internet browser) and a server at some stage in an HTTP request or response. They offer instructions, metadata, or manipulate parameters for the conversation among the consumer and server. 
date: Sun, 16 Feb 2025 18:15:01 GMT
content-type: text/html
content-length: 139
location: http://www.rosesarerosie.com/
er-request-id: 80b2ee8b53b9de524160db3bb4616e96
pragma: no-cache
cache-control: no-store, max-age=0
x-content-type-options: nosniff
er-rule-id: r-a8579753-8666-4883-b244-64f7b730d4df
content-encoding: gzip
server: EasyRedir

HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Server: nginx
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 362
X-Drupal-Dynamic-Cache: UNCACHEABLE (no cacheability)
Content-Language: en
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-Generator: Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)
X-Drupal-Cache: HIT
Location: https://www.rosesarerosie.com
X-Request-ID: v-17805efe-ec91-11ef-bb4e-8b5e3a8e2832
X-AH-Environment: 06live
X-Cache-Hits: 5
X-Age: 363
Cache-Control: public, max-age=600
Expires: Sun, 16 Feb 2025 18:25:01 GMT
Date: Sun, 16 Feb 2025 18:15:01 GMT
Connection: keep-alive

HTTP/2 200 
server: nginx
content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
content-length: 21743
x-drupal-dynamic-cache: HIT
content-language: en
x-content-type-options: nosniff
x-frame-options: SAMEORIGIN
last-modified: Sun, 16 Feb 2025 18:14:08 GMT
etag: "1739729648"
x-generator: Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)
x-drupal-cache: HIT
content-encoding: gzip
x-request-id: v-ecad40e2-ec91-11ef-96bb-234a760c8a47
x-ah-environment: 06live
x-cache-hits: 1
x-age: 5
accept-ranges: bytes
cache-control: public, max-age=600
expires: Sun, 16 Feb 2025 18:25:01 GMT
date: Sun, 16 Feb 2025 18:15:01 GMT
vary: Accept-Encoding

DNS Lookup ▼

DNS entries (Domain Name System) are a critical component of the Internet infrastructure. They act as directories that translate human-readable domain names (such as example.com) to machine-readable IP addresses. DNS records are stored on DNS servers and help forward internet traffic efficiently.
Type Ip Target/Txt TTL
NS dns2.p04.nsone.net 172513
NS dns1.p04.nsone.net 172513
NS dns4.p04.nsone.net 172513
NS dns3.p04.nsone.net 172513
HINFO 3600

Whois Lookup ▼

Domain WHOIS is a public database that provides information about domain names, including registered owners, contact information, domain registrars, registration and expiration dates, name servers, and other relevant information. Domain registration for this website began on June 16, 2024 and will expire on June 16, 2026 if not renewed. This website is now assigned through the registrar GoDaddy Corporate Domains, LLC. The WHOIS data for this website's domain was last updated on November 9, 2024.
Domain Created:
2024-06-16
Domain Expires:
2026-06-16
Domain Updated:
2024-11-09
Domain Age:
1 years 1 months 18 days
Domain Registrar:
GoDaddy Corporate Domains, LLC
WhoIs:
 

   Domain Name: ROSESAREROSIE.COM
   Registry Domain ID: 2891177938_DOMAIN_COM-VRSN
   Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.brandsight.com
   Registrar URL: http://gcd.com
   Updated Date: 2024-11-09T02:23:38Z
   Creation Date: 2024-06-16T18:26:11Z
   Registry Expiry Date: 2026-06-16T18:26:11Z
   Registrar: GoDaddy Corporate Domains, LLC
   Registrar IANA ID: 3786
   Registrar Abuse Contact Email: email
   Registrar Abuse Contact Phone: +1.5189669187
   Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited https://icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited
   Name Server: DNS1.P04.NSONE.NET
   Name Server: DNS2.P04.NSONE.NET
   Name Server: DNS3.P04.NSONE.NET
   Name Server: DNS4.P04.NSONE.NET
   DNSSEC: unsigned
   URL of the ICANN Whois Inaccuracy Complaint Form: https://www.icann.org/wicf/
>>> Last update of whois database: 2025-02-16T18:15:31Z